French roulette stands apart from the more common American and European variants, offering a distinct advantage that savvy players in the United States should not overlook. While many casino-goers in Las Vegas, Atlantic City, and online gaming hubs like New Jersey and Pennsylvania are familiar with the double‑zero wheel, the French version introduces rules that can significantly lower the house edge on even‑money bets. For players who enjoy the elegance of a single‑zero game, understanding the French roulette house edge is the key to making smarter wagers and stretching your bankroll further.
The house edge is the mathematical advantage the casino holds over the player over time. In American roulette, that advantage sits at a steep 5.26% because of the extra 00 pocket. European roulette reduces that to 2.7% with a single zero. French roulette, however, can drop the edge to just 1.35% on certain bets thanks to two unique rules: La Partage and En Prison. That difference may seem small, but over hundreds of spins it translates into real savings – and a more favorable experience for the player.
The Basics of French Roulette
French roulette uses a single‑zero wheel, identical to the European version, but the table layout and betting options are distinct. The table features French labels such as “Passe” (high numbers 19‑36) and “Manque” (low numbers 1‑18), along with “Rouge” and “Noir” for red and black. The betting cloth is also arranged differently, with outside bets placed in a dedicated area.
Unlike American roulette, where the zero is colored green and all bets lose on a zero spin, French roulette treats the zero as a special case. When the ball lands on zero, outside even‑money bets (red/black, odd/even, high/low) are not automatically lost. Instead, the player’s wager is either returned in half (La Partage) or imprisoned for the next spin (En Prison). This nuance is what gives French roulette its lower house edge.
Instead, the common rule of “en prison” or “la partage” applies: the player’s bet is either imprisoned for the next spin or half of the stake is returned. This gives the house a lower edge on those bets compared to American roulette. To explore these rules in detail, find out more.
How the House Edge Differs: French vs European vs American
The most straightforward way to compare roulette variants is by looking at the house edge on even‑money bets. In American roulette, the edge is 5.26% because there are 38 pockets (1‑36, 0, 00). European roulette, with 37 pockets, delivers a 2.7% edge. French roulette, thanks to La Partage or En Prison, reduces that edge to 1.35% on even‑money wagers.
For inside bets (straight up, split, street, etc.), the house edge remains 2.7% in both European and French roulette because those bets are not protected by the special rules. American inside bets still carry the 5.26% disadvantage. This means the real benefit of French roulette is concentrated on the outside bets, which many casual players prefer.
The Power of La Partage and En Prison Rules
La Partage is French for “sharing.” When the ball lands on zero, the casino returns half of the player’s even‑money bet. For example, a $10 wager on black would result in a $5 refund. En Prison, meaning “in prison,” keeps the full bet on the table for the next spin. If the next spin wins, the player gets the original bet back (no profit). If it loses, the bet is forfeited. Both rules effectively cut the house edge in half on those bets.
These rules are not universal. Many American casinos that offer single‑zero roulette do not apply La Partage or En Prison, so the house edge remains at 2.7%. When you see a table labeled “French Roulette” in a US casino, always confirm whether the special rules are in effect. Some high‑limit rooms in Las Vegas, such as those at the Wynn or Bellagio, do offer French roulette with La Partage, but it is far less common than European or American tables.
Why US Players Should Care About French Roulette
For players in the United States, the typical roulette experience is dominated by the American double‑zero wheel. That 5.26% edge adds up quickly, especially if you are playing for extended sessions. French roulette provides a way to cut that disadvantage by nearly three‑quarters on the most popular bets. Over the course of an evening, that could mean the difference between a modest loss and a much larger one.
Online casinos operating in regulated US states like New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and West Virginia often include French roulette in their game libraries. Providers such as Evolution Gaming and NetEnt offer live dealer versions where you can see the wheel spin in real time and enjoy the La Partage rule. This makes French roulette accessible even if your local brick‑and‑mortar casino does not offer it.
Where to Play French Roulette in the United States
Brick‑and‑mortar options are limited but exist. In Las Vegas, you can find French roulette at select high‑limit areas in properties like the Wynn, Encore, and the Bellagio. Atlantic City’s Borgata and the Golden Nugget have also offered single‑zero tables with French rules at times. Always check the felt: if the table has “La Partage” or “En Prison” printed on it, you are in the right place.
Online, the selection is broader. Licensed US online casinos such as DraftKings Casino, BetMGM, and Caesars Palace Online often feature French roulette in their live dealer lobbies. Because the house edge is lower, these games tend to attract experienced players who want to maximize their odds. Some software‑based (RNG) versions also include the La Partage rule, but always read the game rules before playing.
Strategies to Maximize the Low French Roulette House Edge
The best strategy for French roulette is to focus on even‑money bets. Because the house edge is only 1.35% on those wagers, you are getting close to a fair game. A simple approach is to bet on red or black, odd or even, or high or low, and let the La Partage rule protect you when zero hits.
For a deeper look at how even‑money bets compare to other roulette strategies, you can check out the coverage in this Wall Street Journal article. Keep in mind, though, that no bet can eliminate the house advantage entirely over the long run.
Avoid combining multiple inside bets that increase the overall house edge. While the inside bets themselves have a 2.7% edge, that is still better than American roulette’s 5.26%, but the advantage of French roulette shines brightest on the outside. Some players use a flat‑betting system or a mild progression, but the key is bankroll management – the lower house edge gives you more spins for your money.
Common Misconceptions About French Roulette
A frequent myth is that French roulette is the same as European roulette. While they share the single‑zero wheel, the table layout and the special rules make French roulette a distinct game. Another misconception is that the La Partage rule applies to all bets – it only applies to even‑money outside bets. Straight‑up bets still lose entirely on zero.
Some US players also believe that French roulette is only available in Europe. In reality, many online casinos serving American players offer it, and a few land‑based casinos have added it to attract savvy gamblers. The key is knowing what to look for and asking the dealer or pit boss whether the table uses La Partage or En Prison.
For instance, a recent report by Newsday highlights global gaming trends that show American casinos increasingly adopting European-style tables. This shift reflects operators’ efforts to blend classic appeal with modern player expectations. As more venues diversify their offerings, the line between regional roulette variants continues to blur.
The Math Behind the 1.35% Edge
The mathematics is straightforward. In European roulette, the expected loss on an even‑money bet is 1/37 of the wager, or 2.70%. With La Partage, when zero hits (probability 1/37), half the bet is returned. That reduces the expected loss to (18/37 * win + 1/37 * half‑return) – essentially cutting the disadvantage in half. The result is a 1.35% house edge.
To put that in perspective, a $100 bankroll used on even‑money bets in American roulette would expect to lose about $5.26 over 100 spins. In French roulette with La Partage, the expected loss drops to $1.35. That is a significant improvement, especially for players who enjoy longer sessions.
| Variant | Wheel Pockets | House Edge (Even‑Money Bets) | House Edge (Inside Bets) |
|---|---|---|---|
| American Roulette | 38 (0, 00, 1‑36) | 5.26% | 5.26% |
| European Roulette | 37 (0, 1‑36) | 2.70% | 2.70% |
| French Roulette (with La Partage/En Prison) | 37 (0, 1‑36) | 1.35% | 2.70% |
| Rule | Effect on Even‑Money Bets |
|---|---|
| La Partage | Half the bet returned on zero |
| En Prison | Bet held for next spin; win returns bet, loss forfeits it |
| No special rule (standard European) | Bet lost entirely on zero |
Key Considerations for US Players
- Always verify that the French roulette table uses La Partage or En Prison; otherwise the house edge is 2.7%.
- Look for French roulette in high‑limit rooms in Las Vegas and Atlantic City, or at regulated online casinos in your state.
- Focus your play on even‑money outside bets to take full advantage of the 1.35% house edge.
- Avoid mixing inside bets with outside bets unless you are comfortable with the 2.7% edge on those wagers.
- Use a bankroll management strategy that accounts for the lower volatility of outside bets.
- Test French roulette in free‑play or demo mode at online casinos before wagering real money.
- Remember that the house edge is a long‑term average; short‑term results can vary widely.
French roulette offers one of the lowest house edges available on a casino table game, and for US players it represents a smart alternative to the ubiquitous American wheel. Whether you are visiting a land‑based casino in Nevada or playing live dealer games from your home in New Jersey, seeking out French roulette with the La Partage or En Prison rule can improve your overall odds. Next time you sit down at a roulette table, ask about the rules and consider switching to the French version – your bankroll will thank you.
